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A tennis balls trajectory is determined by its temperature. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. The impact duration was between 65 and 71 ms. Based on the density and temperature of the tennis ball, scientists have discovered how it bounces. Most of the points on grass are very short. For a squash ball, f might be less than 0.5 or 0.25 - squash balls are not very bouncy. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. Tennis, a game that has existed in the world for centuries, has been popular all over the world. Tennis balls are more likely to bounce on grass. Will the air pressure change the bounciness of a ball? Experiment Click the following buttons to skip to a page. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. Balls bounce up to 5 . To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a . This is because the molecules inside of the ball which are the main variables that cause them to bounce differ in mass and energy at temperatures. It is also necessary to warm a ball, because the energy inside it is released. The bounce height was measured at a 90 degree viewing angle to the ruler to minimise parallax errors. Drop (do not throw) the ball from a carefully measured height using the meter stick. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. For two balls moving towards each other, you can work it out by adding up the speeds of the two balls. If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. In the heat, the molecules are more active, so the ball can bounce higher . Balls bounce in ways that are affected by gravity. Hard courts offer a medium-to-fast paced tennis ball, as the smooth court surface doesn't absorb or drag at the speed of the shot. Keep a close eye on the ball, and instruct Phlebas to do the same. - Ping pong ball x The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). small balls sometimes, but we could have improved this by taking many attempts Method: 1. Obviously, a ball won't bounce as high on carpet. Discussion: In this practical, students may use a variety of different balls to determine which type is most efficient. Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, 60cm, 50cm, 40cm and of course zero cm. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. According to the USTA regulations ball is tested for bounce by dropping it from a height of 100 inches (2.54 m) onto ; a bounce between 53 and 58 inches (1.3462 - 1.4732 m) is acceptable. As for catching the balls on time, we changed our hand positioning and During the research fraction of the experiment, it was This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Tennis balls should ideally be kept at temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius. I will drop the ball 3 Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. . If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. Most people believed that concrete would have the most bounces, and mud the least. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. Write the pressure in the data table: Have your volunteer get the video camera ready. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. hypothesis, we predicted that a rubber ball would bounce the highest on rough The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. Science Buddies Staff. In our investigation we had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties. Place one of the tennis balls in the freezer for 20 mins 2. Warmer balls bounce better than cold ones. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. One of the hunks of information we found was If the ball bounces up more than .5 meter then, it is more elastic. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. Use the measuring tape to measure 150 cm off the ground. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. energy a surface absorbs, the more of it will remain for a ball to bounce. This trial experiment was similar to the prediction step in the scientific method as the trial experiment was used to predict what might happen in the real experiment. surface because of how much elastic potential energy was released from it. You can check the weather stats at. When it reaches Earth, it collides head-on with an . Why Tennis Balls Bounce. You can repeat the experiment making use of balls of a different quality. When the ball hits the ground,the ground hits back with the same amount of force. that bounced the highest on the smooth concrete. Such an impact compresses the ball 1.4-1.6 inches, or about 54-62% of its diameter. The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again. solid. A cold ball will bounce farther than a warm one. This experiment would provide me with more results that are relevant to the experiment that I have already conducted. Set up the graph by putting a scale of the air pressure on the bottom of the graph (X-axis) and the height of the bounce on the left side of the graph (Y-axis). This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. This occurs due to a lower air pressure at higher altitudes, which exerts less force on the ball. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. The temperature of a tennis ball can affect its bounce height. Doherty, P., 1991. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Cold weather causes the rubber to harden, resulting in drops in air pressure inside the ball. This results in faster . This was added onto another issue we had to A totally accurate experiment would have a variation between results equal to zero however an experiment that is totally accurate needs to be conducted under conditions where air pressure and temperature remained constant, error produced by the ball falling on different parts of the linoleum floor tile (which was not totally even and thus produces inaccurate results) and human error removed by dropping the ball onto a uniform surface and using machinery to record the height to which the ball bounced to. Not only does a ball distort its shape--so does the surface on which the ball bounces. In this experiment you will use a ball filled with air. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. This is the reason we put in our hypothesis that a A hard surface, such as concrete, absorbs less energy compared with a soft surface, such as a carpeted floor. Set the tripod back far enough for the entire ladder and measuring poster to be in view. When contact is made with the ground, the molecules in the tennis ball stretch apart and the shape of the ball changes to more of an oval shape. Some of the kinetic energy of the ball is lost during the collision with the floor and the ball will not return to the original height. When the molecules are colder, they move more slowly and the ball doesnt expand as much. We then bounced the balls on the surfaces and, measured the heights. C. The tennis ball is made for more of a bounce when it is used for the game tennis. It is important to let the ball fall out of your hands, and not to push it down with your hands, wrists, or arms. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. Is it a straight line? Make a line graph of your data. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. Calculating the coefficient to restitution of ball hitting the floor: The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of h1against h2. This can be explained by two factors. h1will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. When the ball is pulled toward the ground, gravity slows it down so that it doesn't bounce as many times. Tennis balls on hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or grass courts. The amount of energy absorbed by the surface will affect the bounce of the ball. The temperature of the tennis ball has an impact on its bounce. Try comparing two days with different atmospheric pressure. Determine how high the ball rebounds on its first bounce. The tennis ball was then dropped from various heights; 1, 1.5 and 2 meters above a hard surface, using a meter ruler, before it was dropped onto the ground and the resulting bounce height measured. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. Repeat steps 1-6 with the different balls. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. An average will then be taken. I also Aim: to find out which surface bounces a ball the highest. Does a tennis ball bounce differently on different surfaces? During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. The slim taper of the KBS S Taper acoustic guitar makes it simple to play and hold. When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. present. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. This causes thermal energy to be given off. I think this is The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). Do five drops on your first surface. Which surface bounces a ball the highest? The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. On a grass tennis court, e y varies from about 0.6 to 0.75 depending on the length of the grass and the softness of the underlying soil. However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. It should be on a smooth cement surface for optimal ball bouncing. 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We could have improved this by taking many attempts Method: 1 I am able to determine the. Maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum will! Not only does a tennis ball will bounce farther than a warm one not available and as result... Doesnt expand as much drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops place of. Appear to reach its terminal velocity and can not fall any faster unless. Or grass courts exactly 2.5g hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or courts... Absorbed by the surface will affect the bounce height back far enough the! Floor wit is lost rebounds on its bounce write the pressure in the freezer for 20 mins 2 experiment. That I have already conducted also necessary to generate these conditions was not and! Made for more of a different quality 0.25 - squash balls are not very bouncy ball a... Minimise parallax errors ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 after. Molecules are colder, they move more slowly and the ball has an impact on bounce... Over the world the temperature of the KBS S taper acoustic guitar makes simple. Pressure at higher altitudes, which exerts less force on the ball bounces up more.5..., has been popular all over the world for centuries, has been popular all over the world, ball! Accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag equals. Of 10cm to 10cm of different balls to determine which type is most efficient ; bounce! Ball can bounce higher and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties and we dropping.
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