"[97] Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution not to be abolished". Church historians. [171], On this topic, Young wrote: "They have not wisdom to act like white men. Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. . Any person that mingles his seed with the seed of Canaan forfeits the right to rule and all the blessings of the Priesthood of God; and unless his blood were spilled and that of his offspring he nor they could not be saved until the posterity of Canaan are redeemed. After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. These wives bore him children after they moved to Utah. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. He then stayed for a short time in Dublin, Indiana with his brother Lorenzo before moving to Far West, Missouri in 1838. [21] Young and Kimball spent the summer following their baptism conducting missionary work in western New York, while Vilate Kimball cared for Young's family. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. The proclamation is very clear: . [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. According to trial testimony given later by Haslam, when Haight read Young's words, he sobbed like a child and could manage only the words, "Too late, too late. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). It later became known as the Young Ladies Mutual Improvement Association, and was a charter member of the National Council of Women and International Council of Women. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. Questions to be propounded to Brigham Young on his examination as a witness in the case of John D. Lee and others, on trial at Beaver City, this 30th day of July, 1875, and the answers of Brigham . During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. In the Season 5 mid-season finale, "False Prophets", Young's son, Phineas, attempts to murder his father. [43] Young served another mission to the Eastern seaboard. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. [123][124][125], Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. Persuaded by The Swede, Phineas believed he was the chosen one to go forward to lead the Mormons, instead of his father. [80] Young's expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks, and he made various trips back and forth between the Salt Lake Valley and Winter Quarters to assist other companies in their journeys. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." Jedediah M. Grant, one of the key figures of the Reformation and one of Young's counselors, traveled throughout the Territory preaching to Latter-day Saint communities and settlements with the goal of inspiring them to reject sin and turn towards spiritual things. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. During time as prophet and governor, Young encouraged each bishop to establish a grade school for his congregation, which would be supported by volunteer work and tithing payments. [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. [73] By the time Young arrived at the final destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico, although U.S. sovereignty would not be confirmed until 1848. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should stay Joseph's "spokesman" and become guardian of the church. Oct 2019 - Apr 20211 year 7 months. For two years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. Provo, Utah Area. Under his direction, the Mormons built roads and bridges, forts, irrigation projects; established public welfare; organized a militia; issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos[88] and after a series of wars eventually made peace with the Native Americans. [177] Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on the number and their identities. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West:[161]. "[155], At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $600,000 (equivalent to $15,300,000 in 2021).[153]. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. 1940 Creator. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. A flyer passed out by a neo-Nazi group outside Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston on January 22, 2022 targeting anti-racism physicians Anonymous They are also among a cadre of doctors across the country who are confronting mounting intimidation on social media, and threats of violence. Within months, Harris and the others departed their Utah appointments without replacements being named, and their posts remained unfilled for the next two years. "John D. Lee Arrested". This colored race have been subjected to severe curses which they have brought upon themselves. [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. But for multiple young women at Brigham Young University, they claim they received backlash . He married single women and widows. As to why he'll suffer another one: it could be from having to see Nate, who he took under his wing, turn into his enemy, or it could be from having his own son come see him, reminding him of his failed marriage. When Amelia became part of the Young family in January 1863, she did not immediately move in with her sister-wives. [194] He encounters Joseph Smith and attempts to ambush his party of Mormons, but, rather than engaging with "the Clitoris Man", Smith shows mercy, rubbing one of the frogs that God has given him to have sex with to cure his AIDS on Young's face, curing his AIDS, and so moving him that he decides to convert to the faith. [175] The policy and practice of polygamy was difficult for many in the church to accept. One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the software in . Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. Ann Eliza Young was part of a larger anti-polygamy movement. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. [174], Young was a polygamist, having at least fifty-six wives. The 46-year-old was taken to the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, where he . The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. Joseph! Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. [6] At age twelve, he moved with his parents to the township of Genoa, close to Cayuga Lake. After bearing mortal children and establishing the human race, Adam and Eve returned to their heavenly thrones where Adam acts as the god of this world. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. He was initially skeptical on whether or not the school's administration would allow the speech but received a message of encouragement from the administrator who reviewed his speech, telling him it was great and to . Joseph! Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. Eventually, he decided to embrace the practice of his mentor, Joseph Smith, and he married as many as 56 women, according to Utah.gov. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. Lucy and Young had seven children together. Historians still debate the autonomy and precise roles of local Cedar City LDS Church officials in ordering the massacre and Young's concealing of evidence in its aftermath. He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. 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